Pickleball Helps Older Adults Stay Physically Active

Pickleball isn’t just fun and easy to play – it’s also potentially heart healthy. Playing pickleball helped a small group of adults aged 65 years and older reach their recommend weekly dose of moderate to vigorous physical activity, according to a pilot study by North Carolina State University researchers.

“We know it’s an enjoyable activity, but what we didn’t know was: Are older adult participants getting enough moderate to high intensity activity to reach the level critical for cardiovascular health?” asked the study’s lead author Jonathan Casper, associate professor of parks, recreation and tourism management at NC State. “This pilot study provides objective data to support that pickleball participation is an activity that promotes older adults’ physical activity and helps participants meet CDC and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommendations.”

In the study, published in Recreational Sports Journal, researchers tracked the physical activity of 33 adults aged 65 years and older who played pickleball at least two times per week. They tracked participants’ steps and intensity of physical activity during a two-week period using Fitbits.

Participants averaged 3,477 more steps on days they played pickleball, and they also spent more time engaged in “very active” and “fairly active” physical activity. They found participants averaged more than 68 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per pickleball session. In addition, participants averaged 86.77 minutes in three increased heart rate zones per session.

“There are three important factors for successful healthy aging,” Casper said. “No. 1 is physical health, and staying not just physically active, but engaging in physical activity where your heart rate is raised, which is called moderate to vigorous physical activity. There is also a social component, which is maintaining and creating social connections, and psychological health, or a feeling of well-being and life satisfaction.”

With regard to physical activity, the CDC and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommend older adults should get between 150 and 300 minutes of moderate-intensity activity or 75 and 150 minutes of vigorous-intensity activity during the week. In this study, pickleball was the reason that most participants met the physical activity guideline, Casper said.

“We were able to isolate their pickleball activity versus everyday activity, and our key finding was that pickleball was the sole reason most participants were able to meet CDC standards,” Casper said. “Pickleball participation was what helped them reach that threshold.”

In future studies, researchers are planning to compare pickleball with other sports older adults play to understand differences in physical activity, social-psychological benefits and injury risk.

The study, “Physical Activity Associated with Older Adult Pickleball,” was published in Recreational Sports Journal. Co-authors included Jason N. Bocarro and Nicholas R. Drake. Funding was provided by the NC State University Non-laboratory Scholarship/Research Program.

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Note to Editors: The study abstract follows.

Physical Activity Associated with Older Adult Pickleball

Authors: Jonathan M. Casper, Jason N. Bocarro and Nicholas R. Drake

Published: Feb. 9, 2023, Recreational Sports Journal

DOI: 10.1177/15588661231156139

Abstract: The quantity and quality of physical activity accrued from recreational pickleball participation have not been published. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount and intensity of physical activity older adults (65 years and older) get from pickleball participation. Thirty-three pickleball participants wore FitbitHR monitors for 2 weeks and logged days/times of pickleball participation. On average, participants spent over 68 min of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) per playing session. Playing pickleball had beneficial cardiovascular benefits, as participants averaged over 86 min at increased heart rate zones. On average, participants gained significantly more steps on pickleball play days versus non-pickleball play days. Pickleball play days were found to have significantly more MVPA minutes, and participants were significantly less sedentary. The results inform sport and leisure providers evidence that pickleball participation helps older adults meet the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)/U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USHHS) recommended guidelines for MVPA per week if played three or more times. Knowing the health benefits of pickleball may assist sport and leisure managers as they accommodate this popular sport activity.