{"id":18552,"date":"2021-10-27T10:40:00","date_gmt":"2021-10-27T14:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/?p=18552"},"modified":"2024-06-14T10:26:28","modified_gmt":"2024-06-14T14:26:28","slug":"changing-tourism-in-the-outer-banks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/2021\/10\/changing-tourism-in-the-outer-banks\/","title":{"rendered":"Changing Tides: Reimagining Tourism in the Outer Banks"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-default\">Danny was clearly injured. The horse, though wild, was only a year old and rarely strayed from his mother\u2019s side as they roamed the beaches of North Carolina\u2019s Outer Banks. But on a quiet June morning last year, Meg Puckett received a series of text messages with photos and videos showing the young horse alone and thrashing around in the shadow of a rental home just off Swan Beach near the town of Corolla.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt was obvious that something was very wrong with Danny,\u201d Puckett said. \u201cI just knew that I needed to get to him.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Puckett, who is herd manager for the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.corollawildhorses.com\/\">Corolla Wild Horse Fund<\/a>, arrived at Swan Beach an hour later to find Danny with swollen eyes, bloodied abrasions across his head, and a baseball-sized lump protruding from within his neck \u2014 the result of an apple lodged in the horse\u2019s esophagus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With guidance from a veterinarian, Puckett administered a sedative to relax Danny\u2019s esophagus and then transported him to the Corolla Wild Horse Fund\u2019s rescue farm for further medical treatment. Unfortunately, despite the effort to save him, Danny died later that day due to a traumatic head injury and internal bleeding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10212021-outer-banks-danny-horse-featured.jpg\" data-fullsize=\"1500x844\" data-zoom=\"true\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10212021-outer-banks-danny-horse-featured-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"A wild horse standing on a beach near Corolla in North Carolina's Outer Banks.\" class=\"wp-image-18564\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10212021-outer-banks-danny-horse-featured-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10212021-outer-banks-danny-horse-featured-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10212021-outer-banks-danny-horse-featured-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10212021-outer-banks-danny-horse-featured.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Danny stands on a beach near Corolla in North Carolina&#8217;s Outer Banks. The year-old colt died last year after choking on an apple. Photo provided by Meg Puckett. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>According to Puckett, it\u2019s likely that tourists fed the apple to Danny, or that he found it in a garbage can near the rental home where his injuries were initially discovered by a pool maintenance worker.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cDanny was killed by humans who had no regard for the safety of the horses. No regard for the health of the horses. No regard for the laws put in place to protect the horses,\u201d Puckett <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/corollawildhorses.org\/posts\/10158613859558330\">wrote on the Corolla Wild Horse Fund\u2019s Facebook page<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Currituck County, which encompasses Corolla and other nearby communities, has laws prohibiting people from coming within 50 feet of the horses. There\u2019s also signs posted along the beaches warning people to not feed or pet the horses. However, many visitors continue to disregard these measures, according to Puckett.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ncst-accordion-item ncst-accordion-item panel\"><a class=\"accordion-item__header collapsed\" href=\"#ncst-accordion-item-undefined-0\" id=\"ncst-accordion-item-heading-0\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#ncst-accordion-item-undefined-0\" aria-controls=\"ncst-accordion-item-undefined-0\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"accordion-item__expansion-indicator\"><span class=\"ncst-plus-minus-toggle\"><\/span><\/span><h2 class=\"accordion-item__label h5\">Explainer: Why You Shouldn&#8217;t Feed or Pet Wild Horses<\/h2><\/a><div class=\"collapse panel-collapse accordion-item__content-container \" id=\"ncst-accordion-item-undefined-0\" aria-labelledby=\"ncst-accordion-item-heading-0\"><div class=\"accordion-item__content\">\n<p>Human food is not healthy for wild animals, especially Corolla&#8217;s population of wild horses. The horses can not only choke on apples, bananas and other human foods, but they can also experience painful colic <meta charset=\"utf-8\">as their digestive systems are adapted to sea oats, coastal grasses, acorns, persimmons, and other vegetation found naturally in their habitat. In addition, petting and other interactions with the horses can habituate them to humans, jeopardizing their ability to stay in the wild.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<p>In late June, nearly a year after Danny\u2019s death, Puckett received a report of a horse thrashing around at Penny\u2019s Hill near Corolla. The horse, named Junior, was choking on food. Fortunately, the horse made a full recovery and now resides at the fund\u2019s rescue farm.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Toll of Tourism<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The incidents involving Danny and Junior come at a time when Puckett and other locals across the Outer Banks say a pandemic-fueled tourism boom is negatively impacting the region\u2019s economy, quality of life, and natural, cultural and historical resources.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<aside class=\"wp-block-ncst-aside-widget default right-aside\"><blockquote class=\"has-custombg-one-text-color wp-block-ncst-pullquote\">\n  <div class=\"pullquote-container\">\n    <p class=\"pullquote-content\">Did you know? Corolla&#8217;s wild horses are believed to be descendants of mustangs brought by Spanish settlers 500 years ago.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/aside>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe appreciate tourism, and we want to share the horses with people. I truly believe that\u2019s what is going to save them. But at the same time, it\u2019s a double-edged sword because people don\u2019t follow the rules. It\u2019s become especially challenging with the increase in tourism these past two years,\u201d Puckett said.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A 200-mile chain of barrier islands located off the North Carolina coast, the Outer Banks region \u2014 which includes Currituck, Dare, Hyde and Carteret counties \u2014 has long been a popular vacation destination, attracting millions of tourists to its beaches, lighthouses, historic sites, wildlife refuges and other amenities every year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But since Dare, Hyde and Currituck counties <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newsobserver.com\/news\/coronavirus\/article242543306.html\">reopened to non-residents in May 2020<\/a>, the Outer Banks has experienced record visitation. Currituck County, for example, collected $16 million in occupancy tax in 2020 compared with $13 million in 2019, according to Tameron Kugler, the county\u2019s travel and tourism director.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><meta charset=\"utf-8\">\u201cWhen we welcomed visitors back to the Outer Banks, it was like a flood gate opening,&#8221; Kugler said. &#8220;We\u2019ve just been inundated since then.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-ncst-image-grid\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10252021-cape-lookout-lighthouse-packpix-featured.jpg\" data-fullsize=\"1500x844\" data-zoom=\"true\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10252021-cape-lookout-lighthouse-packpix-featured-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Visitors walk down the beach on Cape Lookout.\" class=\"wp-image-18812\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10252021-cape-lookout-lighthouse-packpix-featured-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10252021-cape-lookout-lighthouse-packpix-featured-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10252021-cape-lookout-lighthouse-packpix-featured-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10252021-cape-lookout-lighthouse-packpix-featured.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Visitors walk down the beach on Cape Lookout National Seashore, which was established in 1966 by the National Park Service. The site encompasses a 56-mile stretch of undeveloped barrier islands that extend from Ocracoke to Beaufort Inlet. Photo by NC State University Communications.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-ncst-image-column\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10252021-jeep-corolla-beach-packpix-featured.jpg\" data-fullsize=\"1500x844\" data-zoom=\"true\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10252021-jeep-corolla-beach-packpix-featured-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Corolla Jeep Adventures tour stops on the top of Penny Hill, the second tallest sand dune on the east coast.\" class=\"wp-image-18824\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10252021-jeep-corolla-beach-packpix-featured-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10252021-jeep-corolla-beach-packpix-featured-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10252021-jeep-corolla-beach-packpix-featured-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10252021-jeep-corolla-beach-packpix-featured.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A Corolla Jeep Adventures tour stops on the top of Penny Hill, the second tallest sand dune on the East Coast. <meta charset=\"utf-8\">Photo by NC State University Communications.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10212021-outer-banks-horses-istock-featured.jpg\" data-fullsize=\"1500x844\" data-zoom=\"true\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10212021-outer-banks-horses-istock-featured-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Two wild horses running on the beach in Corolla on North Carolina Outer Banks\" class=\"wp-image-18557\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10212021-outer-banks-horses-istock-featured-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10212021-outer-banks-horses-istock-featured-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10212021-outer-banks-horses-istock-featured-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10212021-outer-banks-horses-istock-featured.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Two wild horses running on a beach near Corolla in North Carolina&#8217;s Outer Banks. Photo by zimmytws via iStock.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/section>\n\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n\n<p>The uncertainty brought on by the pandemic led those who did feel safe leaving home to seek destinations where they could socially-distance and spend time outdoors, according to <a href=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/directory\/whitney-knollenberg\/\">Whitney Knollenberg<\/a>, an assistant professor in the Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management at NC State\u2019s College of Natural Resources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe Outer Banks, with its large number of stand-alone vacation homes and wide beaches, was seen as an ideal place to safely visit,\u201d Knollenberg said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Outer Banks tourism has historically been driven by repeat visitation from large family groups, with multiple generations returning to the same rental home year after year, according to Knollenberg. The pandemic, however, has attracted visitors from large urban areas, creating an opportunity for the Outer Banks to expand its market share and increase its number of repeat visitors.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In Currituck County, the recent surge in visitation is benefitting tourism marketing and projects, which are funded by a 6% occupancy tax, according to Kugler. However, it\u2019s also straining the county\u2019s natural and cultural resources, as evidenced by Danny\u2019s death and continued reports of illegal visitor interactions with Corolla\u2019s wild horses.<\/p>\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"has-blue-400-text-color wp-block-ncst-pullquote\">\n  <div class=\"pullquote-container\">\n    <p class=\"pullquote-content\">&#8220;When we welcomed visitors back to the Outer Banks, it was like a flood gate opening.&#8221;<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>The increase in visitation has especially impacted the four-wheel drive beach near Corolla, according to Kugler. Though the county requires people to purchase a $50 permit to operate a four-wheel drive vehicle on the beach, tourists continue to attempt to drive <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pilotonline.com\/news\/article_845d84fe-4664-11e9-92b2-e39b87255c3e.html\">sports cars<\/a> through the area, with their vehicles ultimately becoming stuck and leaving deep ruts in the sand that could injure other visitors and the horses.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cAlthough we realize that our visitors have been sequestered during the pandemic and are just happy to finally be in wide-open spaces, some have shown a lack of responsibility and accountability for their actions in our destination that has been troubling,\u201d Kugler said. \u201cIt\u2019s created real concerns about the long-term sustainability of tourism in the Outer Banks, as well as conversations about the need to balance the economy with the environment.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A Partnership for Sustainable Tourism<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Outer Banks tourism is essential to the North Carolina economy, generating billions of dollars in state and local tax revenue annually. In fact, according to Visit NC, the state\u2019s tourism office, visitor spending in Dare, Hyde, and Currituck counties amounted to more than $1.5 billion in 2019, the last year data is available.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, if the Outer Banks is to thrive amid increasing visitation, its communities must address the negative impacts of tourism. That\u2019s why <a href=\"https:\/\/www.twiddy.com\/\">Twiddy &amp; Company<\/a>, a hospitality firm based in Corolla, recently partnered with NC State\u2019s College of Natural Resources to launch the <meta charset=\"utf-8\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/2021\/07\/new-partnership-aims-to-ensure-a-sustainable-future-for-the-outer-banks-of-north-carolina\/\">Lighthouse Fund for Sustainable Tourism<\/a>, a research and outreach initiative led by Knollenberg. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><meta charset=\"utf-8\">\u201cWe are thrilled to partner with North Carolina State University to better understand how as a community we can find short and long-term sustainable solutions to the challenges we are experiencing as one of the country\u2019s most popular vacation destinations,&#8221; said Clark Twiddy, president of Twiddy &amp; Company.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ncst-related-stories\"><h2 class=\"related-stories__label\">Related<\/h2><div class=\"ncst-component__related-stories-container\"><a \n      href=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/2021\/07\/ask-an-expert-what-is-sustainable-tourism\/\"\n      class=\"ncst-component__bold-link text-link\"\n                >\n    <span class=\"text\">Ask an Expert: What is Sustainable Tourism?<\/span><span class=\"arrow-indicator\"><svg class=\"wolficon wolficon-arrow-right-bold\" role=\"img\"  aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<use xlink:href=\"#wolficon-arrow-right-bold\">\n\t\t<\/svg><\/span>\n    <\/a>\n  <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<p>With support from the fund, Knollenberg lived in the Outer Banks for two months this summer and spoke with 40 stakeholders, including Kugler and the Corolla Wild Horse Fund, in order to gain a better understanding of their tourism-related challenges and to identify future research opportunities that could lead to solutions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cOne of the most valuable things about working in the Outer Banks this summer was the deep appreciation I gained for the challenges that residents live with every day. I love the Outer Banks and visit as much as I can, but usually during the off-season. Being there during peak visitation completely changes the experience,\u201d Knollenberg said.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Knollenberg added that her residency in the Outer Banks allowed her to not only gain a better understanding of how tourism is impacting the region\u2019s natural and cultural resources, but also its social resources. For example, she learned that increased traffic has made it challenging for residents to leave their homes on weekends \u2014 the turnover period when vacationers arrive at and depart from their rental homes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/07\/knollenberg-outer-banks.jpg\" data-fullsize=\"1500x844\" data-zoom=\"true\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/07\/knollenberg-outer-banks-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Twiddy Sign - New Partnership Aims to Ensure a Sustainable Future for the Outer Banks of North Carolina - College of Natural Resources News NC State University\" class=\"wp-image-17729\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/07\/knollenberg-outer-banks-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/07\/knollenberg-outer-banks-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/07\/knollenberg-outer-banks-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/07\/knollenberg-outer-banks.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Whitney Knollenberg, an assistant professor of parks, recreation and tourism management at NC State\u2019s College of Natural Resources. Photo provided.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition, Knollenberg learned that tourism is negatively impacting the Outer Banks economy as many of the region\u2019s businesses, from retailers to restaurants, are struggling to keep up with increasing demand amid a workforce shortage.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Many Outer Banks businesses rely on a seasonal workforce of international and college students who need summer jobs. However, because of processing complications and a pandemic-related travel ban on certain countries, much of that workforce is unavailable for the region\u2019s businesses over the past two summers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some people are also avoiding leisure and hospitality jobs out of fear of the potential health risks of working in crowded settings during the pandemic, while others are quitting due to the stress of their working conditions, according to Knollenberg. As a result, some businesses are reducing their hours of operation or closing permanently.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kitty Hawk Kites, which provides hang gliding instruction and other outdoor recreational activities to Outer Banks tourists, has been forced to reduce the number of classes it offers to tourists due to its seasonal workforce falling from 450 to 375 employees over the past two years, according to John Harris, the company&#8217;s owner and founder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe\u2019re a seasonal business that has to make enough money in the summer to survive the winter, so the increase in tourism has been good from a revenue standpoint,\u201d Harris said. \u201cBut we\u2019ve struggled to keep our doors open since the beginning of the pandemic, because we just haven\u2019t been able to hire enough people.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10212021-john-harris-outer-banks-provided-featured-1.jpg\" data-fullsize=\"1500x844\" data-zoom=\"true\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10212021-john-harris-outer-banks-provided-featured-1-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"John Harris of Kitty Hawk Kites on a beach in Nags Head, North Carolina. \" class=\"wp-image-18696\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10212021-john-harris-outer-banks-provided-featured-1-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10212021-john-harris-outer-banks-provided-featured-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10212021-john-harris-outer-banks-provided-featured-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10212021-john-harris-outer-banks-provided-featured-1.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">John Harris, founder and owner of Kitty Hawk Kites. Photo provided.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Harris added that Knollenberg, who he spoke with during the summer, \u201caffirmed what businesses are feeling\u201d as a result of the pandemic and that her work has \u201cestablished a strong foundation\u201d for the region to address tourism-related challenges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cOur region is very fortunate to have tourism as an industry,\u201d Harris said. \u201cBut we need to do what we can to make it an enjoyable experience for visitors and residents alike.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As for Puckett, she said she looks forward to working with Knollenberg and others in the Outer Banks to find solutions to the region\u2019s tourism-related challenges. Her organization is currently working to distribute additional signage from its <a href=\"https:\/\/www.corollawildhorses.com\/community-wild-horse-toolkit\/\">Community Wild Horse Toolkit<\/a> and to increase its social media messaging in hopes of preventing further incidents between Corolla\u2019s wild horses and tourists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe entire Outer Banks community has recognized a need to address these challenges. But we can\u2019t work in a vacuum,\u201d Puckett said. \u201cIt\u2019s going to take a collaborative, community-wide effort to make sure there\u2019s a balance between the need to preserve the tourism industry\u2019s benefits and the need to address its negative impacts. I believe we can accomplish that by working together.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n<aside class=\"wp-block-ncst-sandwich-narrative has-blue-400-background-color with-image\"><div class=\"ncst-sandwich-narrative\"><div class=\"sandwich-narrative__image-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1500\" height=\"844\" class=\"sandwich-narrative__image wp-image-18816\" alt=\"Tracks run along the sandy beach on the &quot;road&quot; to Carova.\" src=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10252021-carova-beach-packpix-featured.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10252021-carova-beach-packpix-featured.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10252021-carova-beach-packpix-featured-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10252021-carova-beach-packpix-featured-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10252021-carova-beach-packpix-featured-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/><\/div><div class=\"sandwich-narrative__text-container\"><h2 class=\"sandwich-narrative__heading\">Big Problems, Bold Solutions<\/h2><p><meta charset=\"utf-8\">Through the Lighthouse Fund for Sustainable Tourism, Knollenberg identified and recommended a number of actions that Outer Banks stakeholders should consider implementing in the coming years to promote sustainable tourism. <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ncst-collapsible-more ncst-collapsible-more\"><div class=\"collapsible-more__collapsed-content-container collapse panel-collapse \" id=\"collapsible-more-0\" aria-labelledby=\"collapsible-more-heading-0\">\n<p>One of the first actions that the Outer Banks can implement as it pursues sustainable tourism development is networking with other communities, according to Knollenberg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tourism destinations around the world are facing some of the same challenges that are impacting the Outer Banks. In Hawaii, for example, tens of thousands of tourists continue to flood the island chain despite restaurants and other businesses operating at limited capacity as they struggle with a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.civilbeat.org\/2021\/05\/hawaii-has-a-lot-of-unemployed-people-but-companies-still-cant-find-help\/\">labor shortage<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cConnecting with tourism workforce members, business owners, and policy makers in these communities could help their peers in the Outer Banks learn what pitfalls to avoid and what opportunities they should take advantage of,\u201d Knollenberg said.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Knollenberg also recommended that the Outer Banks prioritize resources for workforce housing as the region is currently experiencing a critical shortage of affordable housing for seasonal workers, an issue that\u2019s contributing to the workforce shortage.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Many of the region\u2019s seasonal workers can\u2019t find affordable housing options due to an increase in home sales that occurred during the summer, according to Knollenberg. In addition, a lot of residents converted long-term rental properties into short-term vacation rentals to benefit financially from increased visitation to the region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWithout access to basic necessities like housing, members of the tourism workforce can\u2019t live where they work,\u201d Knollenberg said. \u201cThis has forced many tourism businesses across the Outer Banks to seek employees from much farther away, even across state lines, to fill their workforce needs.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Knollenberg added that while there is widespread recognition among the Outer Banks communities that tourism-related challenges need to be addressed, \u201cthere just needs to be a catalyst to bring stakeholders together to make that action happen.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sustainable tourism development requires buy-in and support from all stakeholders in a community, according to Knollenberg. And because tourism impacts stakeholders in different ways, the Outer Banks should formalize communication channels for decision makers to engage with each stakeholder group to determine which positive impacts they want to maximize and which negative impacts they want to minimize.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cListening to and engaging as many stakeholders as possible is going to be vital to the success of any initiatives to support tourism\u2019s future in the Outer Banks,\u201d Knollenberg said. \u201cTourism workforce members, property owners, elected officials \u2013 they all have a unique perspective, and if we don\u2019t equitably engage all of them, we won\u2019t be able to find viable solutions to these major challenges.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ultimately, the Outer Banks will need to experience a paradigm shift in the way it promotes tourism, according to Knollenberg. Instead of focusing on maximizing the number of visitors, for example, communities should focus on using tourism to maximize the benefits it brings to residents, businesses, and the community as a whole.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Knollenberg said she plans to continue working with Outer Banks communities in the years to come, with the goal of becoming a go-to resource for businesses and other stakeholders as they address tourism-related challenges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI hope to be a strong partner for those in the Outer Banks who want to help ensure that it is a great place to live and a great place to visit,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Twiddy added, &#8220;Our hope is that through this partnership we continue to build upon Dr. Knollenberg\u2019s findings and recommendations in a way that recognizes the role not just of private and public sector organizations, but also as individual citizens in advocating for what to change, when to change it, and how best to do it.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div><a class=\"collapsible-more__interaction-cta collapsed\" href=\"#collapsible-more-0\" id=\"collapsible-more-heading-0\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#collapsible-more-0\" aria-controls=\"collapsible-more-0\"><span class=\"collapsible-more__expansion-indicator\"><span class=\"ncst-plus-minus-toggle\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"collapsible-more__text\">Expand to read more<\/span><span class=\"collapsible-more__text-collapse\">Collapse<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/aside>\n\n","protected":false,"raw":"<!-- wp:ncst\/dynamic-header {\"block\":\"ncst\/default-immersive-post-header\"} -->\n<!-- wp:ncst\/default-immersive-post-header \/-->\n<!-- \/wp:ncst\/dynamic-header -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"className\":\"is-style-default\"} -->\n<p class=\"is-style-default\">Danny was clearly injured. The horse, though wild, was only a year old and rarely strayed from his mother\u2019s side as they roamed the beaches of North Carolina\u2019s Outer Banks. But on a quiet June morning last year, Meg Puckett received a series of text messages with photos and videos showing the young horse alone and thrashing around in the shadow of a rental home just off Swan Beach near the town of Corolla.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u201cIt was obvious that something was very wrong with Danny,\u201d Puckett said. \u201cI just knew that I needed to get to him.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Puckett, who is herd manager for the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.corollawildhorses.com\/\">Corolla Wild Horse Fund<\/a>, arrived at Swan Beach an hour later to find Danny with swollen eyes, bloodied abrasions across his head, and a baseball-sized lump protruding from within his neck \u2014 the result of an apple lodged in the horse\u2019s esophagus.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>With guidance from a veterinarian, Puckett administered a sedative to relax Danny\u2019s esophagus and then transported him to the Corolla Wild Horse Fund\u2019s rescue farm for further medical treatment. Unfortunately, despite the effort to save him, Danny died later that day due to a traumatic head injury and internal bleeding.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"align\":\"wide\",\"id\":18564,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"media\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10212021-outer-banks-danny-horse-featured.jpg\"><img src=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10212021-outer-banks-danny-horse-featured-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"A wild horse standing on a beach near Corolla in North Carolina's Outer Banks.\" class=\"wp-image-18564\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Danny stands on a beach near Corolla in North Carolina's Outer Banks. The year-old colt died last year after choking on an apple. Photo provided by Meg Puckett. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>According to Puckett, it\u2019s likely that tourists fed the apple to Danny, or that he found it in a garbage can near the rental home where his injuries were initially discovered by a pool maintenance worker.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u201cDanny was killed by humans who had no regard for the safety of the horses. No regard for the health of the horses. No regard for the laws put in place to protect the horses,\u201d Puckett <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/corollawildhorses.org\/posts\/10158613859558330\">wrote on the Corolla Wild Horse Fund\u2019s Facebook page<\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Currituck County, which encompasses Corolla and other nearby communities, has laws prohibiting people from coming within 50 feet of the horses. There\u2019s also signs posted along the beaches warning people to not feed or pet the horses. However, many visitors continue to disregard these measures, according to Puckett.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:ncst\/accordion-item {\"heading\":\"Explainer: Why You Shouldn't Feed or Pet Wild Horses\",\"instanceId\":0} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-ncst-accordion-item ncst-accordion-item panel\"><a class=\"accordion-item__header collapsed\" href=\"#ncst-accordion-item-undefined-0\" id=\"ncst-accordion-item-heading-0\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#ncst-accordion-item-undefined-0\" aria-controls=\"ncst-accordion-item-undefined-0\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"accordion-item__expansion-indicator\"><span class=\"ncst-plus-minus-toggle\"><\/span><\/span><h2 class=\"accordion-item__label h5\">Explainer: Why You Shouldn't Feed or Pet Wild Horses<\/h2><\/a><div class=\"collapse panel-collapse accordion-item__content-container \" id=\"ncst-accordion-item-undefined-0\" aria-labelledby=\"ncst-accordion-item-heading-0\"><div class=\"accordion-item__content\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Human food is not healthy for wild animals, especially Corolla's population of wild horses. The horses can not only choke on apples, bananas and other human foods, but they can also experience painful colic <meta charset=\"utf-8\">as their digestive systems are adapted to sea oats, coastal grasses, acorns, persimmons, and other vegetation found naturally in their habitat. In addition, petting and other interactions with the horses can habituate them to humans, jeopardizing their ability to stay in the wild.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:ncst\/accordion-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In late June, nearly a year after Danny\u2019s death, Puckett received a report of a horse thrashing around at Penny\u2019s Hill near Corolla. The horse, named Junior, was choking on food. Fortunately, the horse made a full recovery and now resides at the fund\u2019s rescue farm.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2>The Toll of Tourism<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The incidents involving Danny and Junior come at a time when Puckett and other locals across the Outer Banks say a pandemic-fueled tourism boom is negatively impacting the region\u2019s economy, quality of life, and natural, cultural and historical resources.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:ncst\/aside-widget -->\n<aside class=\"wp-block-ncst-aside-widget default right-aside\"><!-- wp:ncst\/pullquote {\"value\":\"Did you know? Corolla's wild horses are believed to be descendants of mustangs brought by Spanish settlers 500 years ago.\"} -->\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-ncst-pullquote has-red-400-text-color\"><div class=\"pullquote-container\"><p class=\"pullquote-content\">Did you know? Corolla's wild horses are believed to be descendants of mustangs brought by Spanish settlers 500 years ago.<\/p><\/div><\/blockquote>\n<!-- \/wp:ncst\/pullquote --><\/aside>\n<!-- \/wp:ncst\/aside-widget -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u201cWe appreciate tourism, and we want to share the horses with people. I truly believe that\u2019s what is going to save them. But at the same time, it\u2019s a double-edged sword because people don\u2019t follow the rules. It\u2019s become especially challenging with the increase in tourism these past two years,\u201d Puckett said.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A 200-mile chain of barrier islands located off the North Carolina coast, the Outer Banks region \u2014 which includes Currituck, Dare, Hyde and Carteret counties \u2014 has long been a popular vacation destination, attracting millions of tourists to its beaches, lighthouses, historic sites, wildlife refuges and other amenities every year.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>But since Dare, Hyde and Currituck counties <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newsobserver.com\/news\/coronavirus\/article242543306.html\">reopened to non-residents in May 2020<\/a>, the Outer Banks has experienced record visitation. Currituck County, for example, collected $16 million in occupancy tax in 2020 compared with $13 million in 2019, according to Tameron Kugler, the county\u2019s travel and tourism director.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><meta charset=\"utf-8\">\u201cWhen we welcomed visitors back to the Outer Banks, it was like a flood gate opening,\" Kugler said. \"We\u2019ve just been inundated since then.\u201d <\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:ncst\/image-grid -->\n<section class=\"wp-block-ncst-image-grid\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":18812,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"media\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10252021-cape-lookout-lighthouse-packpix-featured.jpg\"><img src=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10252021-cape-lookout-lighthouse-packpix-featured-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Visitors walk down the beach on Cape Lookout.\" class=\"wp-image-18812\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Visitors walk down the beach on Cape Lookout National Seashore, which was established in 1966 by the National Park Service. The site encompasses a 56-mile stretch of undeveloped barrier islands that extend from Ocracoke to Beaufort Inlet. Photo by NC State University Communications.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:ncst\/image-column -->\n<section class=\"wp-block-ncst-image-column\"><!-- wp:image {\"id\":18824,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"media\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10252021-jeep-corolla-beach-packpix-featured.jpg\"><img src=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10252021-jeep-corolla-beach-packpix-featured-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Corolla Jeep Adventures tour stops on the top of Penny Hill, the second tallest sand dune on the east coast.\" class=\"wp-image-18824\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A Corolla Jeep Adventures tour stops on the top of Penny Hill, the second tallest sand dune on the East Coast. <meta charset=\"utf-8\">Photo by NC State University Communications.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":18557,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"media\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10212021-outer-banks-horses-istock-featured.jpg\"><img src=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10212021-outer-banks-horses-istock-featured-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Two wild horses running on the beach in Corolla on North Carolina Outer Banks\" class=\"wp-image-18557\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Two wild horses running on a beach near Corolla in North Carolina's Outer Banks. Photo by zimmytws via iStock.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image --><\/section>\n<!-- \/wp:ncst\/image-column --><\/section>\n<!-- \/wp:ncst\/image-grid -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The uncertainty brought on by the pandemic led those who did feel safe leaving home to seek destinations where they could socially-distance and spend time outdoors, according to <a href=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/directory\/whitney-knollenberg\/\">Whitney Knollenberg<\/a>, an assistant professor in the Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management at NC State\u2019s College of Natural Resources.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u201cThe Outer Banks, with its large number of stand-alone vacation homes and wide beaches, was seen as an ideal place to safely visit,\u201d Knollenberg said.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Outer Banks tourism has historically been driven by repeat visitation from large family groups, with multiple generations returning to the same rental home year after year, according to Knollenberg. The pandemic, however, has attracted visitors from large urban areas, creating an opportunity for the Outer Banks to expand its market share and increase its number of repeat visitors.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In Currituck County, the recent surge in visitation is benefitting tourism marketing and projects, which are funded by a 6% occupancy tax, according to Kugler. However, it\u2019s also straining the county\u2019s natural and cultural resources, as evidenced by Danny\u2019s death and continued reports of illegal visitor interactions with Corolla\u2019s wild horses.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:ncst\/pullquote {\"value\":\"\\u0022When we welcomed visitors back to the Outer Banks, it was like a flood gate opening.\\u0022\",\"textColor\":\"blue_400\"} -->\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-ncst-pullquote has-blue-400-text-color has-quotes\"><div class=\"pullquote-container\"><p class=\"pullquote-content\">When we welcomed visitors back to the Outer Banks, it was like a flood gate opening.<\/p><\/div><\/blockquote>\n<!-- \/wp:ncst\/pullquote -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The increase in visitation has especially impacted the four-wheel drive beach near Corolla, according to Kugler. Though the county requires people to purchase a $50 permit to operate a four-wheel drive vehicle on the beach, tourists continue to attempt to drive <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pilotonline.com\/news\/article_845d84fe-4664-11e9-92b2-e39b87255c3e.html\">sports cars<\/a> through the area, with their vehicles ultimately becoming stuck and leaving deep ruts in the sand that could injure other visitors and the horses.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u201cAlthough we realize that our visitors have been sequestered during the pandemic and are just happy to finally be in wide-open spaces, some have shown a lack of responsibility and accountability for their actions in our destination that has been troubling,\u201d Kugler said. \u201cIt\u2019s created real concerns about the long-term sustainability of tourism in the Outer Banks, as well as conversations about the need to balance the economy with the environment.\u201d<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2>A Partnership for Sustainable Tourism<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Outer Banks tourism is essential to the North Carolina economy, generating billions of dollars in state and local tax revenue annually. In fact, according to Visit NC, the state\u2019s tourism office, visitor spending in Dare, Hyde, and Currituck counties amounted to more than $1.5 billion in 2019, the last year data is available.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>However, if the Outer Banks is to thrive amid increasing visitation, its communities must address the negative impacts of tourism. That\u2019s why <a href=\"https:\/\/www.twiddy.com\/\">Twiddy &amp; Company<\/a>, a hospitality firm based in Corolla, recently partnered with NC State\u2019s College of Natural Resources to launch the <meta charset=\"utf-8\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/2021\/07\/new-partnership-aims-to-ensure-a-sustainable-future-for-the-outer-banks-of-north-carolina\/\">Lighthouse Fund for Sustainable Tourism<\/a>, a research and outreach initiative led by Knollenberg. <\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><meta charset=\"utf-8\">\u201cWe are thrilled to partner with North Carolina State University to better understand how as a community we can find short and long-term sustainable solutions to the challenges we are experiencing as one of the country\u2019s most popular vacation destinations,\" said Clark Twiddy, president of Twiddy &amp; Company.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:ncst\/related-stories -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-ncst-related-stories\"><h2 class=\"related-stories__label\">Related<\/h2><div class=\"ncst-component__related-stories-container\"><!-- wp:ncst\/bold-link {\"url\":\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/2021\/07\/ask-an-expert-what-is-sustainable-tourism\/\",\"text\":\"Ask an Expert: What is Sustainable Tourism?\"} -->\n<a href=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/2021\/07\/ask-an-expert-what-is-sustainable-tourism\/\" class=\"wp-block-ncst-bold-link ncst-component__bold-link text-link\" data-ua-cat=\"Bold Link Block\" data-ua-action=\"Bold Link Click\" data-ua-label=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/2021\/07\/ask-an-expert-what-is-sustainable-tourism\/\"><span class=\"text\">Ask an Expert: What is Sustainable Tourism?<\/span><span class=\"arrow-indicator\"><svg class=\"wolficon\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><use xlink:href=\"#wolficon-arrow-right-bold\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a>\n<!-- \/wp:ncst\/bold-link --><\/div><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:ncst\/related-stories -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>With support from the fund, Knollenberg lived in the Outer Banks for two months this summer and spoke with 40 stakeholders, including Kugler and the Corolla Wild Horse Fund, in order to gain a better understanding of their tourism-related challenges and to identify future research opportunities that could lead to solutions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u201cOne of the most valuable things about working in the Outer Banks this summer was the deep appreciation I gained for the challenges that residents live with every day. I love the Outer Banks and visit as much as I can, but usually during the off-season. Being there during peak visitation completely changes the experience,\u201d Knollenberg said.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Knollenberg added that her residency in the Outer Banks allowed her to not only gain a better understanding of how tourism is impacting the region\u2019s natural and cultural resources, but also its social resources. For example, she learned that increased traffic has made it challenging for residents to leave their homes on weekends \u2014 the turnover period when vacationers arrive at and depart from their rental homes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"align\":\"wide\",\"id\":17729,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"media\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/07\/knollenberg-outer-banks.jpg\"><img src=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/07\/knollenberg-outer-banks-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Twiddy Sign - New Partnership Aims to Ensure a Sustainable Future for the Outer Banks of North Carolina - College of Natural Resources News NC State University\" class=\"wp-image-17729\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Whitney Knollenberg, an assistant professor of parks, recreation and tourism management at NC State\u2019s College of Natural Resources. Photo provided.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In addition, Knollenberg learned that tourism is negatively impacting the Outer Banks economy as many of the region\u2019s businesses, from retailers to restaurants, are struggling to keep up with increasing demand amid a workforce shortage.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Many Outer Banks businesses rely on a seasonal workforce of international and college students who need summer jobs. However, because of processing complications and a pandemic-related travel ban on certain countries, much of that workforce is unavailable for the region\u2019s businesses over the past two summers.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Some people are also avoiding leisure and hospitality jobs out of fear of the potential health risks of working in crowded settings during the pandemic, while others are quitting due to the stress of their working conditions, according to Knollenberg. As a result, some businesses are reducing their hours of operation or closing permanently.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Kitty Hawk Kites, which provides hang gliding instruction and other outdoor recreational activities to Outer Banks tourists, has been forced to reduce the number of classes it offers to tourists due to its seasonal workforce falling from 450 to 375 employees over the past two years, according to John Harris, the company's owner and founder.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u201cWe\u2019re a seasonal business that has to make enough money in the summer to survive the winter, so the increase in tourism has been good from a revenue standpoint,\u201d Harris said. \u201cBut we\u2019ve struggled to keep our doors open since the beginning of the pandemic, because we just haven\u2019t been able to hire enough people.\u201d<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"align\":\"wide\",\"id\":18696,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"media\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10212021-john-harris-outer-banks-provided-featured-1.jpg\"><img src=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10212021-john-harris-outer-banks-provided-featured-1-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"John Harris of Kitty Hawk Kites on a beach in Nags Head, North Carolina. \" class=\"wp-image-18696\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">John Harris, founder and owner of Kitty Hawk Kites. Photo provided.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Harris added that Knollenberg, who he spoke with during the summer, \u201caffirmed what businesses are feeling\u201d as a result of the pandemic and that her work has \u201cestablished a strong foundation\u201d for the region to address tourism-related challenges.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u201cOur region is very fortunate to have tourism as an industry,\u201d Harris said. \u201cBut we need to do what we can to make it an enjoyable experience for visitors and residents alike.\u201d<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>As for Puckett, she said she looks forward to working with Knollenberg and others in the Outer Banks to find solutions to the region\u2019s tourism-related challenges. Her organization is currently working to distribute additional signage from its <a href=\"https:\/\/www.corollawildhorses.com\/community-wild-horse-toolkit\/\">Community Wild Horse Toolkit<\/a> and to increase its social media messaging in hopes of preventing further incidents between Corolla\u2019s wild horses and tourists.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u201cThe entire Outer Banks community has recognized a need to address these challenges. But we can\u2019t work in a vacuum,\u201d Puckett said. \u201cIt\u2019s going to take a collaborative, community-wide effort to make sure there\u2019s a balance between the need to preserve the tourism industry\u2019s benefits and the need to address its negative impacts. I believe we can accomplish that by working together.\u201d<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:ncst\/sandwich-narrative {\"heading\":\"Big Problems, Bold Solutions\",\"backgroundColor\":\"blue_400\",\"imageID\":18816,\"imageURL\":\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10252021-carova-beach-packpix-featured.jpg\",\"imageAlt\":\"Tracks run along the sandy beach on the \\u0022road\\u0022 to Carova.\"} -->\n<aside class=\"wp-block-ncst-sandwich-narrative has-blue-400-background-color with-image\"><div class=\"ncst-sandwich-narrative\"><div class=\"sandwich-narrative__image-container\"><img class=\"sandwich-narrative__image wp-image-18816\" alt=\"Tracks run along the sandy beach on the &quot;road&quot; to Carova.\" src=\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10252021-carova-beach-packpix-featured.jpg\"\/><\/div><div class=\"sandwich-narrative__text-container\"><h2 class=\"sandwich-narrative__heading\">Big Problems, Bold Solutions<\/h2><!-- wp:ncst\/text-heading-section -->\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><meta charset=\"utf-8\">Through the Lighthouse Fund for Sustainable Tourism, Knollenberg identified and recommended a number of actions that Outer Banks stakeholders should consider implementing in the coming years to promote sustainable tourism. <\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n<!-- \/wp:ncst\/text-heading-section -->\n\n<!-- wp:ncst\/collapsible-more {\"instanceID\":0} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-ncst-collapsible-more ncst-collapsible-more\"><div class=\"collapsible-more__collapsed-content-container collapse panel-collapse \" id=\"collapsible-more-0\" aria-labelledby=\"collapsible-more-heading-0\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>One of the first actions that the Outer Banks can implement as it pursues sustainable tourism development is networking with other communities, according to Knollenberg.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Tourism destinations around the world are facing some of the same challenges that are impacting the Outer Banks. In Hawaii, for example, tens of thousands of tourists continue to flood the island chain despite restaurants and other businesses operating at limited capacity as they struggle with a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.civilbeat.org\/2021\/05\/hawaii-has-a-lot-of-unemployed-people-but-companies-still-cant-find-help\/\">labor shortage<\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u201cConnecting with tourism workforce members, business owners, and policy makers in these communities could help their peers in the Outer Banks learn what pitfalls to avoid and what opportunities they should take advantage of,\u201d Knollenberg said.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Knollenberg also recommended that the Outer Banks prioritize resources for workforce housing as the region is currently experiencing a critical shortage of affordable housing for seasonal workers, an issue that\u2019s contributing to the workforce shortage.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Many of the region\u2019s seasonal workers can\u2019t find affordable housing options due to an increase in home sales that occurred during the summer, according to Knollenberg. In addition, a lot of residents converted long-term rental properties into short-term vacation rentals to benefit financially from increased visitation to the region.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u201cWithout access to basic necessities like housing, members of the tourism workforce can\u2019t live where they work,\u201d Knollenberg said. \u201cThis has forced many tourism businesses across the Outer Banks to seek employees from much farther away, even across state lines, to fill their workforce needs.\u201d<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Knollenberg added that while there is widespread recognition among the Outer Banks communities that tourism-related challenges need to be addressed, \u201cthere just needs to be a catalyst to bring stakeholders together to make that action happen.\u201d<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Sustainable tourism development requires buy-in and support from all stakeholders in a community, according to Knollenberg. And because tourism impacts stakeholders in different ways, the Outer Banks should formalize communication channels for decision makers to engage with each stakeholder group to determine which positive impacts they want to maximize and which negative impacts they want to minimize.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u201cListening to and engaging as many stakeholders as possible is going to be vital to the success of any initiatives to support tourism\u2019s future in the Outer Banks,\u201d Knollenberg said. \u201cTourism workforce members, property owners, elected officials \u2013 they all have a unique perspective, and if we don\u2019t equitably engage all of them, we won\u2019t be able to find viable solutions to these major challenges.\u201d<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ultimately, the Outer Banks will need to experience a paradigm shift in the way it promotes tourism, according to Knollenberg. Instead of focusing on maximizing the number of visitors, for example, communities should focus on using tourism to maximize the benefits it brings to residents, businesses, and the community as a whole.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Knollenberg said she plans to continue working with Outer Banks communities in the years to come, with the goal of becoming a go-to resource for businesses and other stakeholders as they address tourism-related challenges.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u201cI hope to be a strong partner for those in the Outer Banks who want to help ensure that it is a great place to live and a great place to visit,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Twiddy added, \"Our hope is that through this partnership we continue to build upon Dr. Knollenberg\u2019s findings and recommendations in a way that recognizes the role not just of private and public sector organizations, but also as individual citizens in advocating for what to change, when to change it, and how best to do it.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div><a class=\"collapsible-more__interaction-cta collapsed\" href=\"#collapsible-more-0\" id=\"collapsible-more-heading-0\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#collapsible-more-0\" aria-controls=\"collapsible-more-0\"><span class=\"collapsible-more__expansion-indicator\"><span class=\"ncst-plus-minus-toggle\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"collapsible-more__text\">Expand to read more<\/span><span class=\"collapsible-more__text-collapse\">Collapse<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:ncst\/collapsible-more --><\/div><\/div><\/aside>\n<!-- \/wp:ncst\/sandwich-narrative -->"},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As a tourism boom threatens the region&#8217;s economic, social and environmental resources, one NC State researcher is working with communities to identify solutions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":171,"featured_media":18829,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"views\/single-immersive.blade.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"source":"","ncst_custom_author":"","ncst_show_custom_author":false,"ncst_dynamicHeaderBlockName":"ncst\/default-immersive-post-header","ncst_dynamicHeaderData":"{\"showAuthor\":true,\"showDate\":true,\"showFeaturedVideo\":false,\"backgroundColor\":\"blue_400\",\"titleColor\":\"red_400\",\"focalPoint\":{\"x\":\"1.00\",\"y\":\"0.04\"},\"caption\":\"Corolla Beach in North Carolina's Outer Banks. Photo by Carroll Creative Imagery via iStock.\",\"image\":\"{\\\"alt\\\":\\\"The coast of North Carolina's Corolla Beach in the Outer Banks\\\",\\\"id\\\":18829,\\\"caption\\\":\\\"The coast of North Carolina's Corolla Beach in the Outer Banks. Photo by Carroll Creative Imagery via iStock.\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2021\/10\/10252021-outer-banks-aerial-istock-featured-1024x576.jpg\\\"}\",\"subtitle\":\"As a pandemic-fueled tourism boom threatens the region's economic, social and environmental resources, one NC State researcher is working with communities to identify and implement sustainable solutions.\",\"displayCategoryID\":121}","ncst_content_audit_freq":"","ncst_content_audit_date":"","ncst_content_audit_display":false,"ncst_backToTopFlag":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,102,121,3,460],"tags":[42,268,272],"_ncst_magazine_issue":[],"class_list":["post-18552","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hidden-news","category-hidden-newswire","category-prtm-research","category-research-innovation","category-thought-leadership","tag-parks-recreation-and-tourism-management","tag-prtm-research","tag-sustainable-tourism"],"displayCategory":{"term_id":121,"name":"Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management Research","slug":"prtm-research","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":121,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":3,"count":40,"filter":"raw"},"acf":{"ncst_posts_meta_modified_date":null},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18552","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/171"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18552"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18552\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27836,"href":"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18552\/revisions\/27836"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18829"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18552"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18552"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18552"},{"taxonomy":"_ncst_magazine_issue","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnr.ncsu.edu\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/_ncst_magazine_issue?post=18552"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}